Painting of the French Royal Family

Tags

Charles II of England and Scotland, King August II of Poland, King James II-VII of England and Scotland, King Louis XIV of France and Navarre, Louis Le Grand Dauphin, Madame de Ventadour, Nicolas de Largillière, Renaissance, Royal Portrait

The painting at the top of this board was painted by Nicolas de Largillière of the French Royal Family. It is a composite portrait of the Bourbon succession, made in the period 1715-1720.

At the centre of the portrait is the Sun King, Louis XIV (seated) with his son Prince Louis, Le Grand Dauphin (to the left), his grandson Louis, Duke of Burgundy (to the right), his great-grandson Louis Duke of Anjou, and Madame de Ventadour, Anjou’s governess, (and the only non-royal in the painting) was the one that commissioned this painting. Her presence references her role in “saving” the dynasty in the measles epidemic of 1712. Busts of Henri IV and Louis XIII are in the background. The King displays a sense of slight uneasiness unlike the other figures especially. In the painting, Largillière used the Renaissance technique of structured disposition.

About the Artist

Nicolas de Largillière (10 October 1656 – 20 March 1746) was a French portrait painter, born in Paris. A painting by de Largillière caught the attention of Charles II, who wished to retain Largillière in his service, but the controversy aroused by the Rye House Plot against Roman Catholics alarmed Largillière. Largillière left for Paris, where he was well received by the public as a painter.

Upon ascending to the throne in 1685, James II requested Largillière to return to England. James II offered Largillière the office of keeper of the royal collections, but he declined due to being uneasy about Rye House Plot. However, during a short stay in London, he painted portraits of the king, the queen Mary of Modena, and the prince of Wales James Francis Edward Stuart. The portrait of the Prince of Wales could not have been painted during Largillière’s stay in London because the prince was not born until 1688.

The three portraits painted by Largillière of the prince in his youth must have been executed in Paris, where he returned sometime before March 1686. The portrait of King James II was painted in 1686. King James is portrayed in golden armor with a white cravat and is positioned in front of a watercolour-like background set in a round frame.

In Paris, during the year 1686, Largillière produced a portrait of the painter Charles Le Brun for admittance to the French Academy. The portrait shows Le Brun, then the chairman of the academy, at work on an entombment, surrounded by classical busts and figurines scattered upon the floor and table within the picture. Le Brun, impressed by Largillière’s portrait, accepted him to the academy.

In 1690, Largillière was documented by the French Academy as a historical painter, which was a prominent artistic trend of the academy until the introduction of Édouard Manet.Towards the end of his life, Largillière painted a repetition of anonymous male portraits of Parisian nobles. One example was painted in 1710, of a man standing with spread fingers that conceal a letter held in the other hand. Another portrait from about 1715 shows a frontal three quarter view of a man dressed in similar clothes and wig with a Doric column in the background.

In 1714, Largillière painted King Augustus II of Poland. Largillière also painted the artist Jacques-Antoine Arlaud in a red robe in a similar fashion to Largillière’s portrait of the painter Charles Le Brun, as well as the sculptor Nicolas Couston. Around the next year, Largillière painted The Study of Different Types of Hands, which currently resides in the Louvre.In 1718, Largillière painted the French poet and essayist Voltaire.The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem was a landscape painting that Largillière painted in 1720.

Largillière made his last self-portrait in 1725. This portrait displays the artist at his easel staring toward the audience. Largillière was appointed as chancellor of the French Academy in 1743.

Death

Nicolas de Largillière died on 20 March 1746 at the age of 89. Upon his death, he donated to France several small landscapes and still life pictures he had created.