Tags
Duke of Brunswick, Ernest Augustus of Hanover, King Christian IX of Denmark, King Constantine I of the Hellenes, King George I of the Hellenes, king George II of the Hellenes, King Paul of the Hellenes, Princess Frederica of Hanover, Tatoi Palace, World War ii
Paul (December 14, 1901 – March 6, 1964) was King of Greece from April 1, 1947 until his death in 1964. He was succeeded by his son, Constantine II.
Paul was first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and father-in-law to King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and the grandfather of Spain’s curent monarch, King Felipe VI.
Paul was born on December 14, 1901 at the Tatoi Palace in Attica north of Athens, the third son of King Constantine I of the Hellenes and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia,nthe daughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor, and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom.
He trained as an army officer at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and later at the Hellenic Military Academy in Kypseli, Athens. Paul was an army officer cadet in the Coldstream Guards and Lieutenant with the Evzones. To his family, he was known as Palo.
From 1917 to 1920, Paul lived in exile with his father, Constantine I. From 1923 to 1935, he lived in exile again in England, this time with his brother, George II. He worked briefly in an aircraft factory under an alias, and through Viscount Tredegar met and befriended notorious literary muse Denham Fouts, who later alleged an affair, claiming they had themselves identically tattooed with a small blue insignia above the heart. A friend of Fouts, John B. L. Goodwin said Fouts often made up stories about his life, and literary critic Katherine Bucknell thought many of the tales about him were myths. Henry Ch14, annon wrote in his diary that Paul was a bisexual rake before his marriage.
Marriage and children
On January 9, 1938, Paul married Princess Frederica of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, and Princess of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was born on April 18, 1917 in Blankenburg am Harz, in the German Duchy of Brunswick, she was the only daughter and third child of Prince Ernst August, then reigning Duke of Brunswick, and his wife Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, herself the only daughter of the German Emperor Wilhelm II.
Ernst August was born at Penzing near Vienna, the sixth and youngest child of former Crown Prince Ernst August of Hanover, Duke of Cumberland and his wife, Princess Thyra of Denmark, daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark. His great-grandfather, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the fifth son of George III of the United Kingdom, became king of Hanover in 1837 because Salic Law barred Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, from inheriting the Hanoverian throne.
Princess Thyra of Denmark was the sister of King George I of the Hellenes the grandfather of King Paul of the Hellenes.
Princess Frederica of Hanover was Paul’s first cousin once removed through Friedrich III, German Emperor, and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, and second cousin through Christian IX of Denmark, in Athens. They had three children:
1. Sophia, Queen of Spain (born 1938)
2. Constantine II, King of the Hellenes (1940–2023)
3. Irene (born 1942)
World War II
During most of World War II, from 1941 to 1946, when Greece was under German occupation, Paul was with the Greek government-in-exile in London and Cairo. From Cairo, he broadcast messages to the Greek people.
Reign
Paul returned to Greece in 1946. He succeeded to the throne in 1947, upon the death of his childless elder brother, King George II, during the Greek Civil War (between Greek Communists and the non-communist Greek government). In 1947 he was unable to attend the wedding of his first cousin, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh to the future Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom as he was suffering from typhoid fever.
By 1949 the Civil War was effectively over, with the Communist insurgents ceasing the majority of their operations, and the task of rebuilding the shattered north of the country began.
In the 1950s Greece recovered economically, and diplomatic and trade links were strengthened by Paul’s state visits abroad. He became the first Greek Monarch to visit a Turkish Head of State. However, links with Britain became strained over Cyprus, where the majority Greek population favored union with Greece, which Britain, as the colonial power, would not endorse. Eventually, Cyprus became an independent state in 1960.
In December 1959, Prince Maximillian of Bavaria presented King Otto’s coronation regalia to Paul. It had been almost a century since they were last in Greece.
Meanwhile, republican sentiment was growing in Greece. Both Paul and Frederica attracted criticism for their interference in politics, frequent foreign travels, and the cost of maintaining the Royal Family. Paul responded by economising and donated his private estate at Polidendri to the State.
In 1959, he had an operation for a cataract, and in 1963 an emergency operation for appendicitis. In late February 1964, he underwent a further operation for stomach cancer, and about a week later on March 6, 1964, King Paul died in Athens. He was succeeded by his son, Constantine II.
European Royal History 