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Monthly Archives: September 2012

Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1630-1685)

28 Friday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in Uncategorized

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at Boscobel House, Charles II of England and Scotland, English Civil War, Henri IV of France, Henrietta-Maria of France, Pride's Purge, Royal Oak

King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Charles II is probably one of the kings I most admire. I find his life fascinating and I also think he lived at an interesting point in history. Yesterday I featured Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, a man who did not become King and Charles II almost did not become king himself. His life is a story of struggle and triumph, of loss and pain as well as well as success. There is a lot in his life I can relate to and admire. His life demonstrates the difficulties of the human condition as well as the spirit within us all, that keeps us moving forward in the face of adversities.

Charles was born on May 29, 1630 to King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and his wife Princess Henrietta-Maria de Bourbon of France, the daughter of King Henri IV of France and Navarre. King Henri’s wife was the Italian princess, Marie de’ Medici, which brought Italian blood into the English royal family. Charles inherited a darker complexion due to his Italian ancestry and his darker complexion gave his mother much shame and many whispers at court. This is one area I can relate to. Although it wasn’t my skin color that brought me struggles, I am a pale Irishman, but I had a physical condition (Pectus excavatum) which brought me shame and a lot of whispers from people. 

Charles’ up bringing was typical for the time, educated at home by tutors and also cared for by nurses and servants. In 1640 Charles was designated Prince of Wales, though he was never formally invested with the Honours of the Principality of Wales. Everything seemed secure and the future assured and that one day young Charles would come into his inheritance and take up the mantel as King of England, Scotland and Ireland. However, as life often does, things changed and for a long while some of these changes seemed permanent. Within two years of being destined Prince of Wales, Civil War broke out and his father took charge of the Cavaliers who were fighting against the Parliamentarians. Fearing for his safety Charles sought refuge in Sicily. His first of many trips into exile.

As the years rolled on and war continued in England Charles finally made it to France where he was reunited with his mother who had also fled England. Both mother and son stayed at the court of Louis XIV who was Charles’ first cousin. Charles and his mother were separated during these early teen years and I often speculate if his insatiable desire for women stems from these stressful times separated from his mother? It was while in France Charles began one of his many love affairs. This first one was with Lucy Walter. She would falsely claim years later that they had secretly married and that their son, James Crofts, Duke of Monmouth, was the rightful heir to the throne.

Shortly before the birth of their son, Charles experienced one of his great losses. The Civil War in England had come to an end. Although at one point there was a bright light at the end of the tunnel and that King and Parliament were to reconciled, this hope was short lived as Pride’s Purge got rid of all those in government that supported the king. Those who were left placed the king on trial. He was found guilty of treason and was beheaded on January 29, 1649. At the time Charles was only 19…too young to lose a parent. I can relate to that, I was 17 when I lost my father suddenly.

Charles, technically now Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, was a man on the run. He spent the next years in exile. At one point he was crowned King of Scots in 1651 but was soon exiled from that country as Cromwell’s forces chased him from the country. He was defeated at the Battle of Battle of Worcester on September 3,1651. He spent one night in a tree, a Royal Oak, at Boscobel House. He wore disguises and was only one step ahead of his captors. With a large bounty on his head he finally escaped England and returned to the European continent. I know life can be stressful and difficult at times but I Cannot contemplate the stress one would be under being forcefully chased from ones country under the threat of death. 

He stayed in France until 1654 when Louis XIV, because of his own ambitions, sought an alliance with Cromwell’s government. This forced Charles to seek refuge in Spain. There were times when money was in short supply and the man who was King in name only lived in poverty at times. Things looked dark and bleak with no hope for the future until 1658 hope glimmered a little with the death of Oliver Cromwell, the military dictator who had ruled England.

This is where I will end the first half of our story. I can relate to the pain and loss and struggle he lived with, however, I do not know what it is like to live with a bounty on ones head. This would have left me a bit paranoid. I think what it did for Charles was gave him issues of trust. It was hard to know who was there to help you and serve you, who was there looking for a favor (even though he had none to give) or who was there to kill you.

Copyright ⌐2012 WJFoley

 

On This Day ~ September 28…

28 Friday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in This Day in Royal History

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Events:

235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He and Hippolytus, church leader of Rome, are exiled to the mines of Sardinia.
351 – Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
365 – Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself Roman emperor.
935 – Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
995 – Members of Slavník’s dynasty – Spytimír, Pobraslav, Pořej and Čáslav are murdered by Boleslaus’s son, Boleslaus II the Pious.
1066 – William the Bastard (as he was known at the time) invades England beginning the Norman Conquest.
1106 – The Battle of Tinchebrai – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
1238 – Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror.
1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
1448 – Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
1844 – Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
1868 – Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.

Births:

None!

Deaths:

876 – Louis the German, King of Eastern Francia (b. 804)
935 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 907)
1104 – Pedro I, king of Aragon and Navarre (b. 1068)
1197 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)

 

HRH Prince Frederick Louis, The Prince of Wales (1707-1751) Part II

27 Thursday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in Featured Royal

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Buckingham Palace, Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansback, Count Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Duke of Edinburgh, Frederick Louis Prince of Wales, King George II of Great Britain, Kings and Queens of England, kings and queens of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, the Glorious Revolution of 1688, United Kingdom of Great Britain

Prior to taking my break I was in the middle of a biography of Prince Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales. He had just married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. I am changing my tactic or style of writing for this blog. As I would feature a royal or a monarch on I realized that doing a biographical sketch of an individual became a daunting task. First of all I think my writing style was encyclopedic in that I spent an enormous amount of time and energy just focusing on facts and information which I began to realize the vast majority of my readers already know. Also, there is so much information on the lives of these people it was difficult to know what to include and what to leave out. So I want to take a different approach and try to offer something new for my readers.

I like to keep my postings short but interesting. I have found that many people are like me in that they often do not like wading through a lot of text on the internet. What I have decided to do for the Thursday and Friday postings where I focus on a royal and a monarch from the past and present is to talk about aspects of their lives that I find interesting. With that in mind I will conclude my feature on HRH Prince Frederick Louis, The Prince of Wales.

As I mentioned in the previous entry on poor Fred, his relationship with his parents continued a phenomenon in the House of Hanover where father and son did not get along. I think one of the reasons why this fascinates me is because I am really interested in family dynamics. How people interact with one another and why they act as they do is a fascinating topic. I have come to learn that just because a family may have wealth, power and privilege doesn’t mean they are without sever dysfunction. I always wanted to know why Frederick Louis seemed so hated by his parents? I still do not know. As I said last time I think politics did have a role to play. Political parties had developed in Britain after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. It wouldn’t be until the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) when the monarch began to dissociate themselves from partisan politics and became more neutral ( a very wise decision if I should say so). Therefore, at the time when Frederick Louis was heir to the throne the party which was “out of favor” with the monarch would be try to win influence with the heir to the throne. This would create intense rivalry between father and son.

However, in my opinion, this does not account for the intensity of the hatred his parents had for him. There much be other issues. I have read that while in Germany, and afterward in Britain, the Prince of Wales was a bit of a womanizing playboy. This was a common practice for many princes of the House of Hanover, most notably the future George IV (Fred’s grandson) and the future Edward VII (Fred’s great-great grandson). Yes, I know Edward VII was technically a Saxe-Coburg prince and not of the House of Hanover. Anyway, I do think that did play a role in why his parents hated him so much. The hypocrisy in all of this is that Fred’s father, King George II, had his share of mistresses and Fred’s grandfather, King George I, not only had his string of mistresses, he divorced his wife because she had a lover and there is much evidence that her lover’s death came via the orders of George I himself! It was reported that his wife’s lover, Swedish Count Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, was murdered by courtiers who then threw his body, weighted with stones, into the river Leine . It has also been documented that the assassins were paid the enormous sum of 150,000 thalers, which was about one hundred times the annual salary of the highest paid minister! Mafia Don, John Gotti, would be proud! I don’t think this moral high ground George II was taking really justified his hatred toward his son. I think the real basic reason for the hatred may be complex. I know of many families were there is intense dislike among its members. I have know parents who do not like their children. This goes against what we want to believe so our moral outrage is increased.

Another reason Fred is interesting is that he presents a “what if” scenario. I really enjoy contemplating these “what if” scenarios in history. Frederick died at Leicester House at the age of 44 in 1751 from a burst abscess in the lung and never became king. His father died 9 years later leaving the throne to Fred’s eldest son who became George III. If Frederick had become King of Great Britain what would his rule have been like? Would it had changed history? If he lived to his 60s or 70s he would have died somewhere around the 1770s or 1780s just in time for the American Revolution…I mean the War for American Independence. Would the war have even happened had Frederick been king? I know it is impossible to answer these questions but fun to speculate.

In many was the life of Frederick Louis is a sad tale. Even in his death he was lamented. I will close this look at Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales with the famous epigram (quoted by William Makepeace Thackeray, “Four Georges”):

“Here lies poor Fred who was alive and is dead,
Had it been his father I had much rather,
Had it been his sister nobody would have missed her,
Had it been his brother, still better than another,
Had it been the whole generation, so much better for the nation,
But since it is Fred who was alive and is dead,
There is no more to be said!”

On This Day ~ September 27…

27 Thursday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in This Day in Royal History

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1066 – William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
1331 – The Battle of Płowce between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order is fought.
1422 – After the brief Gollub War the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1529 – The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.
1540 – The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
1590 – Pope Urban VII dies 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history.
1922 – King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, King George II.

Births:

823 – Ermentrude of Orléans, consort of Charles the Bald (d. 869)
1271 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland (d. 1305)
1275 – John II of Brabant (d. 1312)
1389 – Cosimo de’ Medici, Italian art patron and de facto ruler of Florence (d. 1464)
1601 – King Louis XIII of France (d. 1643)

Deaths:

1249 – Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197)
1590 – Pope Urban VII (b. 1521)
1615 – Arbella Stuart, English noblewoman (b. 1575)
1651 – Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573)
1700 – Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615)

Movies & Royalty

26 Wednesday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in Uncategorized

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Buckingham Palace, Emily Blunt, Kings and Queens of England, kings and queens of the United Kingdom, Queen Victoria of Great Britain, Sir Nigel Hawthorn, United Kingdom of Great Britain, Victoria Hamilton, Young Victoria

I love movies! I have over 700 Dvds in my collection. I also have a blog dedicated to my love of Science Fiction and Fantasy Films. http://foleyfunfilmfacts.wordpress.com/. I also enjoy movies based on the lives or royalty. For now, every Wednesday, I will devote this day to reviewing the movies I have about Royalty.

Generally I am not bothered by historical inaccuracies in these types of movies because I view them as fiction even when based on real events. There are exceptions to that. We will see that in my review below, of the movie The Young Victoria which came out in 2010. This movie is a sumptuous feast for the eyes and it also gives the viewer a glimpse into the world of nineteenth century Britain and the young queen who would come to define an era. Emily Blunt’s portrayal of Queen Victoria in her youth is brilliantly wrought with emotion, strength, weakness and romance and a gamut of other emotions which the young queen certainly experienced. The movie captured with accuracy the prison like atmosphere and the tumultuous relationships that the young Victoria lived through. I found the pacing of the movie did not drag the story down.

While there may be no question of the outcome of Victoria and Albert’s courtship the political and social intrigue and vying for control, power and position that surrounded the circumstances of their relationship does keep the viewer caught up in the drama of their lives with great interest. The production values, the acting and the directing are all top notch my only complaints are with the historical inaccuracies. Generally I am not one to complain too much about historical inaccuracies in Hollywood films but a few in particular really change the tone of this film. The first one is prince Albert’s love for Victoria. The film makes it seem like Albert was a love-sick puppy pinning away for Victoria until she came to her senses and agrees to marry him. In reality Victoria fell very hard in love with Albert after she had about 3 years on the throne enjoying her single status. But Albert was a bit ambivalent about coming to England and marrying Victoria. His love for her was something that developed more after their marriage than before. Also, Albert was not hurt in the real life assassination attempt on Victoria and having him injured as depicted in the movie seemed a bit too manipulative. With Albert being the love struck puppy the entire nature of the relationship changes as does the tone of the film. It does give the movie a feel of a romance novel aimed at a certain demographic. I don’t think that was necessary because the truth of the story has enough drama and romance to make it satisfying.

I also didn’t care for how the relationship between Victoria and her first prime minister, Lord Melbourne, was depicted. In this movie he seems like a manipulative smarmy character. In reality he was much older than depicted in this movie and although there was mutual love and respect between the two, and Victoria may well have had a crush on him, Lord Melbourne actually played more of a fatherly and mentor role with her. I much prefer the relationship as depicted in the A&E mini-series Victoria & Albert by Victoria Hamilton and Sir Nigel Hawthorne. Victoria & Albert But all in all the movie was very well made and acted despite the historical inaccuracies and it is well worth viewing or owning on DVD.

One This Day ~ September 26…

26 Wednesday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in This Day in Royal History

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Events:

1212 – Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
1810 – A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

Births:

1329 – Queen Anna of Bavaria of the Romans (d. 1353)
1870 – King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
1897 – Pope Paul VI (d. 1978)
1922 – Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia, French-born pretender to the Russian throne.

Deaths:

None!

Royals as Celebrities

25 Tuesday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in From the Emperor's Desk

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Diana Princess of Wales, King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, The Princess of Wales, TMZ

Diana, Princess of Wales was one of the most photographed woman in the world, if not the most photographed woman in the world. I think Diana did a lot of good for the royal family…and some bad things too. I am not here to rehash any of those old arguments of if she was good or not for the Royal Family. The thirst for anything about Diana was part of the continual growth of an American culture that has become more obsessed with fame and celebrities over the last 20 years. With 24 hour news channels and half hour magazine shows like TMZ, Entertainment Tonight, Inside Addition and Access Hollywood the need for celebrity associated gossip and information is at an all time high.

Personally, I dislike how royalty has become nothing more than fodder for these gossip shows and magazines. It cheapens the concept of monarchy. While these people are in the public eye and do have a sense of “celebrity” or fame surrounding them, they are not in the same category as the celebrities who are famous for being a musician, actor, TV personality or other methods of fame. People can become famous or infamous for a verity of reasons, from being the first person to walk on the moon or a pilot that successfully navigates a plane crash where everyone survives. It seems like there is not much of a difference in the mind of media consumers between a celebrity or a public figure. Sadly, they are not treated differently in the media either.

I wonder if this has always been the case? I am sure through history royal personages were well known. Has the press always treated them the way they are treated today? I do not think so. In the past, earlier in the 20th century, the press was more respectful of the Royal Family. Also, the world was “bigger” in the past in that news was not the instant entity that it is now. When a news story breaks it is available, for the most part, anywhere there is freedom of the press. For example, in the mid 1930s, when the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, was courting Mrs. Wallis Simpson the American press did have stories about the relationship but the British press, who evidently did know about the relationship, were able to keep the story out of the news for a period of time.

It does raise the question how much does the public have a right to know about the royal family? I think of this years problems for King Juan Carlos of Spain. He came under criticism for his elephant hunting trip in Botswana. Given Spain’s hard economic climate where unemployment at 23% taking vacation that cost $57,850 in American dollars this was rightly reported and understandable why the Spanish people should be upset. The fact that the king was with his mistress, was that something right to report? Maybe in a day an age where politicians and public servants such as the king of Spain need to be above reproach things like this do need to be made public. I think the days of a king or a prince having a mistress on the side and keeping that hush hush is over.

So, in the days of 24/7 media and since royals are now treated as any other celebrity there are both positive and negative repercussions for this situation. I do not like the fact that they are treated as any old celebrity, yet at the same time it can keep them cognizant that as public servants they do need the consent of the public and therefore need to carry themselves with dignity even if the press does not treat them with the dignity that comes with the office.

On This Day ~ September 25…

25 Tuesday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in This Day in Royal History

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50 – Pulcheria becomes empress of the Byzantine Empire after her brother Theodosius II is killed during an hunting accident. She marries the Illyrian (or Thracian) senator Marcian who is crowned as emperor.
1192 – Odo III becomes Duke of Burgundy.
1258 – Regent George Mouzalon and his brothers are killed during a coup headed by the aristocratic faction under, paving the way for its leader, Michael VIII Palaiologos, to ultimately usurp the throne of the Empire of Nicaea.
1270 – Philippe III becomes King of France.
1699 – Frederik IV becomes King of Denmark and Norway
1758 – Seven Years’ War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.

Births:

1530 – Ivan the Terrible, Russian Tsar (d. 1584)
1707 – Luis I of Spain (d. 1724)
1786 – Ludwig I of Bavaria (d. 1868)
1845 – Ludwig II of Bavaria (d. 1886)

Deaths:

1192 – Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1142)
1270 – Louis IX of France (b. 1214)
1482 – Margaret of Anjou (b. 1429)
1699 – Christian V of Denmark and Norway (b. 1646)
1940 – Prince Jean, Duke of Guise (b. 1874)
1942 – Prince George, Duke of Kent (b. 1902)

 

Gallery

What’s in a name?

24 Monday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in From the Emperor's Desk

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Tags

Carl XVI, Carlo-Felice King of Sardinia, Juan Carlos of Spain, Kings of Greece, Russian Emperors, Umberto II of Italy, USSR, Wilhelm II, William Shakespeare

“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” ~ William Shakespeare Carlo-Felice King of Sardinia Today’s posting is …

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On This Day ~ September 24…

24 Monday Sep 2012

Posted by liamfoley63 in This Day in Royal History

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1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies. The Byzantine Empire slips into terminal decline.
1645 – Battle of Rowton Heath, Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles I.

Births:

15 – Vitellius, Roman Emperor (d. 69)
1513 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, Queen of Sweden (d. 1535)

Deaths:

366 – Pope Liberius
768 – Pippin the Short, King of the Franks (b. 714)
1120 – Welf II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1072)
1143 – Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1072)
1143 – Pope Innocent II
1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, Greek Byzantine Emperor (b. 1118)
1213 – Gertrude of Merania, wife of Andrew II of Hungary (murdered) (b. 1185)
1228 – Stefan Nemanjić, Serbian King (b. 1165)
1275 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (b. 1208)
1435 – Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France (b. c.1370)
1834 – Pedro I of Brazil, Emperor of Brazil (b. 1798)
1950 – Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1863)

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